Theses of the MBA Of Abderrahim Qanir.
Dans le cadre du mémoire de thèse pour l’obtention du MBA (Master
of Busines Administration) présenté par Mr Abderrahim Qanir en juin 2000,
ayant par objet : « The impact of the Free Exchange Agreement with the
Européen Community on the Morrocan Economy » il a présenté cette
introduction qui commence par un paragraphe d’un discours de feu sa majesté
le roi HASSAN II, adressé à la C.E.E.
“THERE ARE TWO WAYS FOR EUROPE T0 EXTENDE .THE EAST VIA TURKIA AND I WILL
CALL THIS WAY MINOS WEALTHY DIRECTION OR BY THE OUEST AND IT'S THE WEALTHY
DIRECTION AND MORE SECURE.THATS THE WAY I TELL THE EUROPEANS YOU WILL NEED
ONE DAY A BACK YARD BASE.
COMME T0 DISCOVER A VIRGIN LAND AND LET'S SHARE THE BENEFITS TOGETHER”
To put the question on the prospects of Morocco, and carry a glance about
its future, one is fatally brought to consider the question's relating to
the development and modernity of the society. That mans the capacity of the
Moroccan society to define a type of development adapted to the challenges
of the third millennium around which a national consensus could be adapted.
It is also to put the question of social interactions between; the
respective role to play by economical, social and political actors.
Actually, it's also a debate of great importance inside the Moroccan
society, which has known deep reforms and still subjected to new restraints.
It’s invited to consider an identity built through a rather ambiguous report
with modernity falling under a mode of relations where it alternates the
attractive phases and the repulsive ones.
Today,
while modernization of the economy and its multiform opening on the global
market is lunched free exchange agreement with the EEC ,USA , MENA
COUNTRIES.
The archaic and traditional behaviors are still dominating. Hence, two
questions are raised ; On the one hand, can the Moroccan society produce a
new social order which falls under the world economical dynamics without
being repudiated? On the other hand, under which modality – (rupture with
the past), the reform of the traditional system, the production of a new
social order could be achieved without the clash with the nostalgia and
traditional systems – can this evolution be carried out shortly?
The Moroccan model, which is built in an alternance of advance and retreat,
is presented in the form of an expression of dualism between tradition and
modernity. Even the country's identity is forged by both exterior acceptance
and rejection. The question today is to know if Morocco has to be changed by
keeping its identity? Such proper identity will sustain an economical
progress with a social cohesion.
However, it is faced by four fundamental stakes.
1- The first stake: consists of finding the path to an ever lasting and
strong growth. The Moroccan economy which has known a versatile evolution
will face a triple challenge; creating jobs for the work force in a rapid
expansion modernization the productive system , strengthen its efficiency to
make it face the international competitively, and building a model which
gets rid of the guaranteed income that affect the country's economy and
Constitute a true interference to the establishment of an efficient and
performing system.
2- The second stake: has to go into the conciliation between economical
progress and social cohesion. Morocco is actually invited to make from the
efficiency of the economy a successful one and reduce the social
inequalities in a context characterized by a rarity of resources and the
presence of a demographic pressure due to the youthful population. While -
the rapid social mutations which is stemmed from
- The youthful population
- Expansion of new technologies
- The rapid urbanization
- The relative development of the middle c1ass
- The appearance of new social categories (businessmen, organized women etc.
. .).
Will
have important consequences on the social and economical plan;
An-increase in social needs (healthcare, accommodation, education, social
housing etc...) a growth in investments needs (for creating jobs),
development of political requirements (right of -association , human rights,
organization, free press etc...)
3- The third one: considers the transition from a system whose values are
hierarchical (authoritarian) into a liberal and collective model (soldiery).
Although the country's material values are so poor and vulnerable because of
the general conditions dictate by the social inequalities. It might turn
into a growing tension between a technocratic and modern vision against the
nostalgia of a period 'idealized' by a backward-Looking and retrograde
speech. If until the present time tradition and modernity get on relatively
well and if the social fracture is remain deep, the confrontation will be
possible in the nearly future.
Emancipation,
liberation and modernization values will only clash against values of
primary conservatism, set traditionalism and the rejects of opening.
If the present frustrations ( of the population as a great part) is
maintained or increased and if the inspiration of the population to a better
future is not sustained , and if in a general way the improvement of the
population well being is not achieved there fore against , the social
cohesion will be seriously weakened . The values of communal and familial
solidarity which could serve (and still serving in some areas) social
depreciation are disappearing. They are supplanted by the individualism and
'every man for him self which condemn the exclusion of every one without
either work or resources. ln these conditions, the tendencies for rejecting
the model are likely to intensify without ignoring the increase of the
extremist and nihilistic tendencies which are developing and manifesting in
a violent manner .The society could make a religion to look for new
solutions, the politics fail to offer. The failure of politics (democracy)
encourages the success of the religion (extremism).
4- The fourth challenge: resides in the adaptation of the Moroccan economy
towards the stakes of international competition. It is one of the heaviest
tendencies which will act strongly on the Moroccan economy in the future and
have relations with the exterior world. In fact, the rational integration
which restricts Morocco to have relations with the exterior world will
develop to a structural integration where the country's position will be
determined by the Place which it occupies in the 'global chain of added
values. Everyone indicates that for the coming years the economy of Morocco
will be invited to integrate at its equation the weight of the extern
factors which will operate in a fundamental rupture with the past behaviors.
This requirement makes Morocco in front of many challenges. And if it can't
raise these challenges mainly the one of competitive, it is not only the
economy that will be threatened but the framework of all the society.
All
these observations lead us to question the ability of the society and its
decision makers to define a project of development adapted to the current
challenges. This supposes a better identification of the advantages and the
drawbacks of the economy and the Moroccan society.
So this is to be held by the socio-economical, console who will fix the
different strategies at different terms (short, medina and long term).
